How Butter Beats the Guns
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
‘Guns and Butter’ in U.S. Presidential Elections
Previous models of the popular vote in U.S. Presidential elections emphasize economic growth and price stability, the role of parties and incumbency, and pre-election expectations for the future. Despite the closeness of the pre-election polls in 2004, formal models instead predict a landslide victory for President Bush. An obvious question is whether this anomaly arises, at least in part, from...
متن کاملResolving the Guns vs . Butter Tradeoff Puzzle via Full Specification
Investigations of the 'guns vs. butter' trade-off models of military spending have yielded surprisingly inauspicious results in spite of the intuitively appealing nature of the hypothesis that the more we spend on defense the less we can spend on social welfare, etc. This paper examines the standard specification of the tradeoff model and demonstrates that the lack of empirical success of this ...
متن کاملGuns, Butter, and Openness: On the Relationship Between Security and Trade
Sovereign states arm to defend real or hypothetical interests, presumably because they cannot engage in complete, long-term contracting that would prevent such arming. International trade, therefore, takes place within an essentially anarchic context, and we can expect trade regimes and security policies to be related. Indeed, many embargoes, sanctions, and various other forms of trade restrict...
متن کاملRevisiting the “Guns versus Butter” Argument in China (1950–2014): New Evidence from the Continuous Wavelet Analysis
Abstract: The long-lasting “guns versus butter” argument reflects the fact that China has been experiencing a difficult choice in terms of improving the defense and social welfare sectors, and thus achieving fiscal sustainability. The result, however, is controversial. The present paper therefore re-examines the relationship between defense and social welfare by employing continuous wavelet ana...
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Investment involves the maximisation of return on one’s investment whilst minimising risk. Good forecasting, which often requires expert knowledge, can help to reduce risk. In this paper, we propose a genetic programming based system EDDIE, (which stands for Evolutionary Dynamic Data Investment Evaluator), as a forecasting tool. Genetic programming is inspired by evolution theory, and has been ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Obrana a strategie (Defence and Strategy
سال: 2017
ISSN: 1214-6463
DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.17.2017.01.143-156